2 Samuel 15:30

Authorized King James Version

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And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

Original Language Analysis

וְדָוִ֡ד And David H1732
וְדָוִ֡ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 1 of 22
david, the youngest son of jesse
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up H5927
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 2 of 22
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
בְמַֽעֲלֵ֨ה by the ascent H4608
בְמַֽעֲלֵ֨ה by the ascent
Strong's: H4608
Word #: 3 of 22
an elevation, i.e., (concretely) acclivity or platform; abstractly (the relation or state) a rise or (figuratively) priority
הַזֵּיתִ֜ים of mount Olivet H2132
הַזֵּיתִ֜ים of mount Olivet
Strong's: H2132
Word #: 4 of 22
an olive (as yielding illuminating oil), the tree, the branch or the berry
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up H5927
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 5 of 22
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
וּבָכֹֽה׃ and wept H1058
וּבָכֹֽה׃ and wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 6 of 22
to weep; generally to bemoan
רֹאשׁ֔וֹ and had his head H7218
רֹאשׁ֔וֹ and had his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 7 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
לוֹ֙ H0
לוֹ֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 8 of 22
חָפוּ֙ covered H2645
חָפוּ֙ covered
Strong's: H2645
Word #: 9 of 22
to cover; by implication, to veil, to encase, protect
וְה֖וּא H1931
וְה֖וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 10 of 22
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
הֹלֵ֣ךְ and he went H1980
הֹלֵ֣ךְ and he went
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 11 of 22
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
יָחֵ֑ף barefoot H3182
יָחֵ֑ף barefoot
Strong's: H3182
Word #: 12 of 22
unsandalled
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֣ם and all the people H5971
הָעָ֣ם and all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 14 of 22
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 15 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתּ֗וֹ H854
אִתּ֗וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 16 of 22
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
חָפוּ֙ covered H2645
חָפוּ֙ covered
Strong's: H2645
Word #: 17 of 22
to cover; by implication, to veil, to encase, protect
אִ֣ישׁ every man H376
אִ֣ישׁ every man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 18 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
רֹאשׁ֔וֹ and had his head H7218
רֹאשׁ֔וֹ and had his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 19 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up H5927
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 20 of 22
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up H5927
עָלֹ֖ה and they went up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 21 of 22
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
וּבָכֹֽה׃ and wept H1058
וּבָכֹֽה׃ and wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 22 of 22
to weep; generally to bemoan

Analysis & Commentary

And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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